"The assimilation of the secular categories of Greek philosophy, however, was no aim in itself but part of an obstinate attempt to rid Islam of the germs of the ancient Perso-Aramaic or Manichaean free-thinking, zandaqa, and its manifestations of moral cynicism which the Arabs called mujun.16 This conflict between the Arab and Persian traditions really went much deeper. The anti-Arab polemics of the Persian literati which became designated as the shucubTya movement introduced elements of a Welt­anschauung which never ceased to be disruptive in the eyes of the or­thodox."