"Prior to 1898, bicycles had appeared with braking mechanisms... but... did not include coasting or free-wheeling features. The... coaster brake... appeared in the patent applications of Harry P. Townsend, of the New Departure Manufacturing Co. ...in 1898; James S. Copeland, of the Pope Manufacturing Co. ...in 1898; and William Robinson, of Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1899. These issued as patents, respectively, in 1907, 1913, and 1903. It is stated that the Townsend patent, No. 850077, contained the broad and controlling claims. The 1898 catalog of the Pope Manufacturing Co. describes the Columbia New Departure automatic brake... as a device for which a need had long existed. ...[T]he widespread adoption of the coaster brake made the bicycle ...much safer ..."
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Catalog of the Cycle Collection (Smithsonian Bulletin 204)
Catalog of the Cycle Collection of the Division of Engineering United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum, Bulletin 204 by Smith Hempstone Oliver was published in 1953 by the United States Government Printing Office at the Price of 40 cents.
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