"Against this background of improvisation and violence, the first Soviet labour camps were born. Like so many other Bo…"

"Soviet reality was always a strange one: the factory is barely functioning, in the shops there is nothing to buy, old…"

"They did not work but they were allocated a full ration; they levied a money tribute from all the 'peasants', those w…"

"If respect for others helped some maintain their humanity, respect for themselves helped others. Many, particularly w…"

"Although... most often used to describe and Stalin's Soviet Union, the word "totalitarian"—totalitarismo—was... [i]nv…"

"Of all the different kinds of damage done by the Second World War, the hardest to quantify is the psychological and e…"

"[M]any have tried to describe what it feels like to endure the disintegration of one's entire civilization, to watch …"

"[O]ne Western policy stands out as a phenomenal success, particularly when measured against the low expectations with…"

"Before joining NATO, each country had to establish civilian control of its army. Before joining the European Union, e…"

"The Western Right, on the other hand, did struggle to condemn Soviet crimes, but sometimes using methods that harmed …"