"Will we ever derive the necessary mathematical tools to analytically demonstrate from first principles that confinement is indeed a mathematical property of quantum chromodynamics? This is the million-dollar question, literally. The Clay Mathematics Institute has announced a million-dollar prize for a rigorous mathematical proof that quantum chromodynamics does not allow free quarks or gluons to be produced. While no claimants to the prize have yet come forward, we nevertheless have strong indirect support of this idea, coming not only from experimental observations, but also from numerical simulations that closely approximate the complicated interactions in quantum chromodynamics. This is heartening, if not definitive. We still have to confirm that it is some property of the theory and not of the computer simulation. However, for physicists, if not mathematicians, this seems pretty convincing."
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Quantum chromodynamics
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