"A political order that met the four criteria described in the last chapter would be fully democratic in relation to its demos. But the demos might include all the members or range downward to an infinitesimally small proportion of them. In the extreme case, would we want to say the political order was a democracy? If not, what requirements can we lay down, and how would we justify them? The problem is difficult, and democratic theory and ideas have by no means provided a satisfactory solution. The problem is, in fact, twofold. 1. The problem of inclusion: What persons have a rightful claim to be included in the demos? 2. The scope of its authority: What rightful limits are there on the control of a demos? Is alienation over morally permissible?"
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Democracy and Its Critics
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