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April 10, 2026

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"Proceeding to the east of Andbhavan for about a mile we come to the large village of Sudrbal situated on a deep inlet of the Dal known as Sudrakhun. The name of the village and the neighbouring portion of the lake make it very probable that we have to place here the sacred spring of Sodara (see note Rajat. Bk. i. 125-126). An ancient legend related by Kalhana represented this spring as ... an Avatara of the Sodara Naga worshipped Close to the mosque of Sudrabal and by the lake shore are two pools fed by perennial sprigs.originally near the sacred site of Bhuteshvara below Mound Haramukata (For this Sudara the present Naran Nag see notes I, 123; v. 55- 59). Stein further says Close to the mosque of Sudrabal and by the lake shore are two pools by by perennial springs. These, according to a local tradition were in old times visited by numerous pilgrims. Now all recollection of this Tirtha has been lost among the Brahmans of Srinagar. But the name of a portion of the village area Battapur points to a former settlement of Battaas or Purohitas. It is curious, too, that we find only half a mile from the village the Ziarat of Hazrat Bal, perhaps the most popular of all Muhammadan shrines in the Valley. It is supposed to be built over the remains of the miracle-working Pir Dastgir Sahib. Is it possible that the presence of the rathr ubiquitous saint at this particular spot had something to do with the earlier Hindu Tirtha?î Rajat. Vol. ii, p. 457. Commenting on verses 125 ñ 126 of Bk. i of Rajat. Stein states in the footnote as this: In order to give full sactitity to Jyeshtharudra, which Jalauka of the lake, but according to the uniform statementg of by the water vered cohad established near Srinagar, the presence of the Sodara spring was also needed. The Tirtha which the legend represens an Avatara of the latter, must after what has been said regarding the position of Jalaukaís Jyeshtharudra (Note C), be loked for in the vicinity of the present Srinagar. I have, therefore, no hesitation in connecting the name Sudar, which appears in the designation of a portion of Dal, called Sudarkhun and in the name of neighbouring village Sudarbal, with this legend. The Sudrakhun (khun from Sanskrit kona) is a narrow inlet on the west side of the Dal strettheching between the suburban villages of Arampor and Sudarbal. ... On visiting Sudarbal in June 1895, I was shown on the very shore of the Sudarkhun, and close to the village Masjid , two small pools which were then covered by the water of the lake, but according to the uniform statement of the villagers, which I gathered fatement of the villagers, are fed by two perennial springs. A tradition, whfrom the old men of the village, relates that many hundred years ago Brahmans were in the habit of making pilgrimage to these springs. The name Battpor, which survives to this day as the name of a now deserted part of the village area was pointed out to me as evidence of the former habitation of Battas, i.e. Purohitas (Skt. bhatta). No ancient remains can now be traced near the springs, but large carved slabs are said to have been carried away from that site to serve as building material for the new temple erected by Maharaja Ranbir Singh at Ranvor in Srinagar. I cannot find any reference to the Sodara spring of Srinagar in the texts accessible to me nor can I trace any tradition relating to it among the Brahmans of the capital. The marginal gloss of G (Sodarabal Gagaribal), however, indictes that the same identification as proposed already has been made by some modern reader of the Rajat."

- Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir

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"For 67 years (1752-1819 AD), the Afghans ruled over Kashmir & ensured it was the darkest period of Islamic oppression. The reign of terror forced Hindus to migrate, convert to Islam, or be ruthlessly killed. In the end, it's said only 11 Pandit families survived in Kashmir. Asad Khan was the worst of the oppressors. He would tie up Kashmiri Pandits in grass sacks & drown them in Dal Lake in pairs. For amusement, a jar of excreta was placed on Pandit's head & Muslims pelted the jar with stones till it broke & the Hindu was blinded with filth. The Pandits, who used to display moustaches proudly, were forced to grow beards. They were forbidden from wearing Turbans, shoes, or Tika (Tilaks) on their foreheads. Later, Pandits wore exaggerated Tikas & overly long turbans in memory of the tyranny of Pathan times. During the Afghan rule, 'Jazia', the poll tax imposed on Hindus, was revived. During these days, any Muslim who met a Pandit would jump on his back & take a ride, saying,” You are a Brahman & I will mount you”. This horrifying phrase still survives as a Kashmiri saying. Atta Muhamad Khan & his army were sexual predators who used agents to hunt Brahman girls. So terrified were poor Hindus of their lust that they destroyed their daughter’s beauty by shaving off their heads, cutting off their noses, or disfiguring them to escape from rape. Kashmiri Pandit wedding customs bear testament to this cruel trauma. On the day of marriage, a male relative is decked out in the same fashion as the bridegroom, who is known as the Pot maharaja, because at any point the Pathans could seize the bridegroom & kidnap the bride. Asad Khan was succeeded by Madad Khan, who was even more brutal. He bound Hindus in cow leather sacks before drowning them to ensure their faith was violated. They were killed at the same Batta Mazar (Graveyard of Pandits) on Dal Lake, where 37 Kg of Janeu were found. No wonder the era of Afghan rule over Kashmir is known as a time of brutal tyranny motivated by Islamic fanaticism. Kashmiri Hindus had to suffer intolerable brutality & cruelty under the savage Pathans, who thought no more of cutting off heads than of plucking a flower."

- Kashmiri Pandits

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"Kashmir has been an eye-opener for the Hindus if one was needed. In the first part of 1990, more than two lakhs of Hindus, practically the entire non-Muslim population, were driven out from the Valley. Refugee Arvind Dhar testifies: "The aggression has been entirely one-sided. All central government employees (generally Hindus) were asked to leave their jobs, and those who did not were placed on a hit-list. One newspaper (Al-Safab) had a headline in March asking all Hindus to vacate within 48 hours of face bullets"... Syed Shahabuddin declared, along with some moderate Kashmiri Muslims, that the Hindus could come back to Kashmir, and that their property was being looked after by their Muslim neighbours. But the first- hand information of refugee Arvind Dhar tells a different story:"All my movable property has been stolen and my house was burnt a month ago."... Predictably... some papers declared that it was actually the Hindu refugees who were "creating a communal crisis" by fleeing to Jammu or Delhi. In their Newspeak, which calls terrorists militants, the refugees are called migrants, and it is an interesting illustration of the perversion of India's political parlance to see how even the refugees themselves have sometimes adopted this secularist-imposed usage... It is worth quoting a reply: "By advising the migrants, many of whom live in squalor in camps mourning the death of their kith and kin, to 'return to the valley boldly, taking it for granted that they will not be harmed...', Mr. Bazaz is mendaciously suggesting that these hapless people have fled the Valley out of an imaginary fear at someone's instance. The naked truth is that the peace- loving and peaceful non-Muslims were forced to flee... when they found that the goodwill of their well-disposed but unarmed Muslim neighbours... was of no avail to them against the orgies of selective murder, rape and arson perpetrated by armed Pak-trained militants... Considering that even a few gullible migrants, including a lone woman, were recently gunned down within hours of their return, one wonders whether Mr. Bazaz's facile assurance of safety to migrants emanates from his desire to fool the uninformed or to propitiate India-baiters in Pakistan". The kashmiri militants, Bushan Bazaz, Syed Shahabuddin, the Nehruvian defenders of Article 370, they are all, each in his own way, objectively part of the strategy of the anti-Hindu forces on the Kashmir front."

- Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus

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