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April 10, 2026
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"The approach of the different remains represents a mine of information for the history of ancient iron production where techniques and rites are intertwined."
"Ancient iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa has been the focus of interest of several disciplines."
"Archaeological and historical remains are visible material witnesses of the steel industry. They bear witness to this technical history ranging from the remains of the search for raw materials to the obtaining of finished products."
"In all countries of sub-Saharan Africa, archaeological remains of iron metallurgy have been discovered. No country in Africa has remained on the sidelines of this technical revolution."
"During the colonial period, circle monographs, reports by colonial administrators, geologists, amateurs, etc. also provide information that can often prove decisive in the collection of preliminary data. Within these, metallurgist sites are often indicated on maps and photographs. Authors also describe metallurgical industries. This approach most often allows for the establishment of an initial general mapping of archaeological sites and thus an assessment of the wealth of metallurgical sites in the study area in order to prepare field surveys."
"The work is being carried out in collaboration with the universities of Abidjan and Ouagadougou."
"On the edge of the modern village of Doumbala lies a large area of metallurgical activity with around fifty slag heaps."
"The furnaces belong to two different technical traditions which are also local variants of the two ancient traditions highlighted at Siola (KAN 1 and 2)."
"Ancient iron metallurgy in Burkina Faso, Bulkiemdé province [microform]: ethnological, historical, archaeological and metallographic approach."
Young though he was, his radiant energy produced such an impression of absolute reliability that Hedgewar made him the first sarkaryavah, or general secretary, of the RSS.
- Gopal Mukund Huddar
Largely because of the influence of communists in London, Huddar's conversion into an enthusiastic supporter of the fight against fascism was quick and smooth. The ease with which he crossed from one worldview to another betrays the fact that he had not properly understood the world he had grown in.
Huddar would have been 101 now had he been alive. But then centenaries are not celebrated only to register how old so and so would have been and when. They are usually celebrated to explore how much poorer our lives are without them. Maharashtrian public life is poorer without him. It is poorer for not having made the effort to recall an extraordinary life.
I regret I was not there to listen to Balaji Huddar's speech [...] No matter how many times you listen to him, his speeches are so delightful that you feel like listening to them again and again.
By the time he came out of Franco's prison, Huddar had relinquished many of his old ideas. He displayed a worldview completely different from that of the RSS, even though he continued to remain deferential to Hedgewar and maintained a personal relationship with him.