"In the old Pythagorean representation of the celestial system, according to Philolaus, the five planets were mentioned... among the ten deified bodies which revolve round the central fire (the focus of the universe Îστἱα) "immediately beneath the region of fixed stars;" these were succeeded by the Sun, Moon, Earth, and... the anti-Earth..."
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Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (1852) Tr. E. C. Otté, Vol. 4, p. 89, citing Böckh, De Platonico systemate Cælestium globorum et de vera indole astronomiæ Philolaicæ, p. xvii., and the same in Philolaus, 1819, p. 99.
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Philolaus
(c. 470 – c. 385 BCE) was a Greek Pythagorean and Presocratic philosopher. He argued that at the foundation of everything is the part played by the limiting and limitless, which combine together in a harmony. He is credited with originating the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe. Philolaus may have been the successor of Pythagoras.
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