"There are certain directives of the Qur’an pertaining to war which were specific only to the Prophet Muhammad against Divinely specified peoples of his times (the polytheists and the Israelites and Nazarites of Arabia and some other Jews, Christians, et al.) as a form of Divine punishment -- for they had persistently denied the truth of the Prophet's mission even after it had been made conclusively evident to them by God through the Prophet, and asked the polytheists of Arabia for submission to Islam as a condition for exoneration and the others for jizya and submission to the political authority of the Muslims for exemption from death punishment and for military protection as the dhimmis of the Muslims. Therefore, after the Prophet and his Companions, there is no concept in Islam obliging Muslims to wage war for propagation or implementation of Islam. The only valid basis for jihad through arms is to end oppression when all other measures have failed. Islam only allows Jihad to be conducted by a Government. with at least half the power of the enemy."
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Javed Ahmed Ghamidi writes in Mizan:"jjihad">Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, Mizan, The Islamic Law of Jihad , Dar ul-Ishraq, 2001. OCLC 52901690.
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence
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Islamic military jurisprudence
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