Educators From The United States

"The artistic contribution of any nation and any age must be in terms of creation. Performers, symphony organizations, opera houses, museums, libraries - important as they are - are not enough. The arts, if they are to live, must be living arts."

"The most complete knowledge of tonal material cannot create a composer any more than the memorizing of Webster's dictionary can produce a dramatist or poet. Music is, or should be, a means of communication, a vehicle for the expression of the inspiration of the composer. Without that inspiration, without the need to communicate, without— in other words— the creative spirit itself, the greatest knowledge will avail nothing."

"To the artist, to the musician, is given the task of creating and expressing beauty--of sensitizing the souls of men."

"In music, the great essential after creation itself is communication through performance...it is of immediate and primary importance to the creator. For the composer, if he is to develop, must hear his own works. An orchestra composer without an orchestra is like a scientist without his laboratory or a dramatist without his stage or actors."

"As a music theorist, I have always contended that the historical approach to music theory is not enough. The modern theorist should, of course, be able to analyze the music of the masters, to explain (as much as possible) the sources of their musical language. They should also, however, be able to suggest new paths, new theories, including those that break with creative and scholarly tradition....This attitude has puzzled some of my academic colleagues, since I am in my own composition essentially a traditionalist. I do not believe that this is a contradiction or an inconsistency."

"My music springs from the soil of the American midwest. It is music of the plains rather than of the city and reflects, I believe, something of the broad prairies of my native Nebraska.""

"The word "civilization" apparently first appeared in a French book in the mid-eighteenth century (L'Ami des hommes (1756) by Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, the father of the French revolutionary politician). Since then, it has had close associations with the West's sense of its own superiority. In order to see the past clearly, we must try to avoid this assumption built into the word."

"Those of us who have witnessed the marvellous development of the great motion picture industry, who have perhaps played in our childhood with the strangely named toys, which produced the crude effects of movement of a few printed figures on a short strip of paper, have lived through the most astonishing drama of all that the moving picture world has produced. Its own development to one of the principal industries of the world is a great romance. It is a romance told by thousands of films all over the civilized world; every film is a short chapter in the great story."

"The changes which have taken place during the in the activities and position of women are the object of an interest which is widespread. These changes have been so striking that the period during which they occurred is frequently called the "woman's century." Nor is the movement a completed one; there is every reason to believe that equally marked changes will take place in the . The time has passed when women were on the whole content to drift with the current of life and accept without question or demur the lot which tradition, custom, and public opinion might dictate. The little band of leaders who did pioneer work in the last century in claiming and making new opportunities for women did brave service: in no respect did they do better service than in showing the value of ideals as a positive social force. The record of their lives will always be a source of courage to increasing numbers of women who will be eager to take an active part in controlling and directing the stream of women's activities."

"" Students need someone who pays attention to them and encourages them, saying, 'you can do it,' and sticks with them all the way through."

"The huge, forward-projecting of the male is his chief sexual characteristic and white skin aournd the eye is a peculiarity of the female. Many African s have brightly colored patches of skin and wattles about the head and neck."

"We walked lonely es and s, and we delighted in and s, but we made no great lists. Books that I like at the time were books written by observers, people doing the kind of that I wanted to do; books such as Henry Beston's and 's Beach Grass. They exemplified an idea type of natural history: you lived within walking distance of a beach, marsh, woods, or mountain and started observing."

"The chapters of this book present a sampling from his lifetime of behavior watching, the s liberally salted with philosophy and quotes from past and present nature watchers. Kilham strongly believes that great satisfaction can be derived from sitting in one place and learning about in depth. He always prefers to be unobtrustive in his watching and never, for example, has . He suggests that it is best to learn about a bird first hand and then read about it. ... ... Kilham writes well and is obviously a very experienced and keen observer of nature. If you are a behavior watcher you will love this book. If you are not, you probably ought to read it anyway. It may stimulate some new interests and in the long run increase the pleasure you get from birds."

"Miss Talbot divides her book into three parts. Part I describes the changes in women's activities—industrial, educational, civic, philanthropic, domestic, and social—during the last hundred years. Part II compares the educational machinery of about fifty years ago with that of today, citing as exampels the past and the present curricula of the Boston and Chicago public schools, of , and of the , in order to show how far education has adapted itself to these changes. Part III deals with the present collegiate education of women, pointing out its characteristics, limitations, and possible modifications in the light of modern social, economic, and psychological knowledge."

"During my first year at Harvard, in 1928, I became fascinated with the university's Museum of Comparative Zoology. How exciting for a mere freshman to meet and talk to such famous ornithologists as . ... In succeeding years Griscom, aided by , who was just bringing out his first bird guide, became the great figure who built up the type of —pretty much limited to finding rarities, listing species seen, and census taking—that has now become a national pastime. I remember arguments about this new approach to birding back then. The clincher for the Grissom-Peterson type of birding was that it was competitive. ... By the time I was a junior at Harvard I found my interest in this type of birding wearing thin."

"... in the north are as wary as . They make a low pecking, the blows coming slowly, when excavating in rotting logs and trunks. It is these sounds that I follow in trying for a view of their activities. They someties work on large s and s, digging into the where have their galleries."

"Professionally Lawrence Kilham is a who teaches at , but he is widely known for his papers on bird behavior, particularly those dealing with s. Never Enough of Nature is a personal account of the experiences with wild and captive animals that provided data for many of the scientific papers. The book was illustrated by the author's relatives, primarily his wife, Jane. The early chapters of the book deal with field experiences in South Carolina and Georgia, but others take the reader to Africa, Panama, and New England."

"When I began studying birds at age fourteen, I was fortunate in having 's Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America and 's Birds of Massachusetts and other New England States, the three volumes of which were then just coming out. I remember carrying Chapman's handbook with me into the woods and sitting on a stump to identify a beautiful bird I had seen—yellow on the belly with a black bib, and bright red on throat and crown—a ! I had made a discovery by myself. If I have carried my boyhood enthusiasm for learning about birds into old age, it is in part because by interest has never been dulled by too many classes, lectures, workshops, meetings, or other experiences that can kill initiative. It is better to learn ten birds on one's own than several hundred following a leader. Learning on one's own is especially important if you want to make discoveries. ... Watching birds and other animals for enjoyment should be something that makes us think."

"'if this is where you want to go, then I will stay with you and help you learn the things you need to know to get there. “"

"... except in some of the s where the opportunities for research are limited and the salaries notably low, women are not considered eligible for chairs in the sciences ... Until women are more generally given an equal chance with men in academic recognition and remuneration, it is futile to attempt to determine, in terms of s or even of scientific reputation or eminence, how much "they are able to do for the advancement of science.""

"We now share HTC capabilities across more than 125 institutions. And that brought with it many complications, not only in terms of volume of users, but also in diversity of science domains, types of institutions and politics. I always listed sociology as the top obstacle to high throughput computing and we have our fair share in the Open Science Grid."

"But the personal angle is that we always saw what we are doing as expanding from the desktop to the world. And that’s how we went from the campus to nation-wide and beyond."

"What I’m doing today is anchored in my PhD work in the late 1970s. I always joke that I’ve been working on the same problem for over 40 years and it’s still not done! My thesis was on load balancing and distributed systems."

"Imprecise language and buzzwords govern the computing ecosystem. I coined the term HTC in the mid-nineties in order to differentiate it from traditional High Performance Computing, known to many as supercomputers."

"I was always fascinated by the simple problem that you have a quest for work sitting and waiting in one place and a resource capable and willing to serve it is idling in another place. How do you bring them together? It turns out it’s an unsolvable problem so I can work for 40 more years."

"There are two Nobel Prize discoveries whose computation system was powered by HTCondor––the Higgs Boson in 2012 and then recently detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO collaboration. So I am always joking, I’m looking for the triple crown. But I can’t say that they’re more important or challenging than other works of science powered by HTCondor."

"Knowledge Representation. In constructing intelligent tutors, two aspects of knowledge representation (qv) are important. First, what knowledge do teachers and trainers use to understand the domain, diagnose student behavior, and select new strategic approaches, and second, what are good representational schemes for encoding domain knowledge."

"I have interests in both the development of computational methods and in answering specific biology questions, primarily related to the function of RNA, a molecule central to the function of cells."

"The third research goal is to demonstrate completeness and reliability in the engineering side of the discipline and to show that intelligent instructional systems can be used effectively in training and classroom situations."

"Computational biology is the art of developing and applying computational methods to answer questions in biology, such as studying how proteins fold, identifying genes that are associated with diseases, or inferring human population histories from genetic data."

"The second research goal involves explaining learning and teaching as parts of the human information-processing system. Since all intelligent beings learn, differences in learning rates might be due to a level of prior knowledge or to the quality of teaching."

"Research activities in this field are important to education, not only because such systems might someday become routine in classrooms, but also because such systems might support students in activities not available in traditional classrooms, such as extensive oneon-one collaboration with a tutor and freedom to explore hypothetical worlds, to make conjectures, and to test hypotheses."

"While genome sequencing has obviously been useful in revealing the sequences that are involved in coding various aspects of the molecular biology of the cell, it has had a secondary impact that is less obvious at first glance."

"experiments show that young children, too young to have been able to explore the world with their hands, understand in some fairly deep way the physics of the world"

"the brain and mind “work through” intense experiences by repeated rehearsal, daydreams, talking to oneself. In the process, we construct demons that can give us timely alerts"

"The field of AI in Education is concerned with development of Artificial Intelligence techniques for the study of human teaching and for the engineering of systems that facilitate human learning."

"It’s a major advance"

"Seniors are actually the best able to use AI because they have the expertise, and they can get a sense very clearly of when the AI knows something or if it’s making it up."

"understanding cognition—understanding the way the brain works, what the mind does—is a key scientific grand challenge."

"Three research goals have become apparent. The first is to use AI and cognitive science techniques to model experts who problem-solve in a domain, as well as tutors teaching and students learning in that domain."

"The low cost and high throughput (the ability to process large volumes of material) of genome sequencing allowed for a more "big-data" approach to biology, so that experiments that previously could only be applied to individual genes could suddenly be applied in parallel to all of the genes in the genome."

"Nobody knows. We don't know what o1's good or bad at yet, no one knows anything about models on release. The question I always ask is: “How is your business figuring out what o1’s useful for?”"

"A result of the scale of these new experiments is the emergence of very large data sets in biology whose interpretation demands the application of state-of-the-art computer science methods."

"Actual end user adoption has been insanely high, certain surveys that show 65% of marketers, 60% of coders are using Gen AI. But businesses don’t necessarily capture all of that value – that requires rethinking processes and approaches. If I increase everyone’s productivity by 20%... that’s awesome, but how do I as a firm actually collect on that? One way is to fire people, but if you fire people they won’t show you how they’re using AI."

"The problems require interdisciplinary dexterity and involve not only management of large data sets but also the development of novel abstract frameworks for understanding their structure."

"The research shows that juniors don’t know anything special about AI: they use it first, but they don’t learn specialized knowledge from using it."

"You have to incentivize it. If employees are worried colleagues will lose respect for them for using AI, or the bank won’t reward them for using AI, or they will get let go because they’ve got AI to do 90% of their tasks, then they’ll never show you how they use it. AI access helps, sharing helps, some education/training helps, as well as showing support at the highest levels of the organization."

"The main goal of my research is to dramatically increase our ability to mine actionable knowledge from unstructured text. I am especially interested in information extraction from the Web, understanding the connections between people and between organizations, expert finding, social network analysis, and mining the scientific literature & community."

"Toward this end my group develops and employs various methods in statistical machine learning, natural language processing, information retrieval and data mining---tending toward probabilistic approaches and graphical models. For more information see our current projects and publications."

"We have publicly launched Rexa, a new research paper search engine. It is a sibling to CiteSeer and Google Scholar, except that it provides search and browsing over more "object types", including not just papers, but also people, grants and topics."