Jalal al-Din Mangburni

""the first vigilante enemy of Genghis Khan." Thomas Osborne."

""Jalâl al-Dîn whom all the rulers on earth held in awe and feared." - Ibn Al-Athir."

""Jalâl al-Dîn was a bad ruler who administered his realm abominably. Among the rulers who were his neighbours he did not leave one without showing hostility to him and challenging him for his kingdom, acting as a bad neighbour. As an example of that, as soon as he appeared in Isfahan and gathered an army, he invaded Khuzistan and besieged Tustar, a possession of the caliph. He marched to Daquqa, which he sacked and where he killed many people. It too belonged to the caliph. Then he took Azerbayjan, which was held by Uzbek, and attacked the Georgians, whom he defeated and harassed. Later he made war on al-Ashraf, lord of Khilât, and then on ‘Alâ’ al-Dîn, ruler of Anatolia, and on the Ismâ‘îlîs, whose lands he ravaged and many of whom he killed. He imposed upon them an annual tribute in money and also on others. Every ruler abandoned him and would not take his hand." - Ibn Al Athir."

"“Beyond any doubts, Allah punished Jalal ad-Din for his sins and granted no respite to him but rooted him out. Still, his death marked the extermination of Muslims by the Mongols. After the death of his father ‘Ala ad-Din Muhammad, after the destruction of the countries by the Mongols and the carnages over the population Jalal ad-Din fled to India, then turned back. His might increased, his position consolidated, so he captured Kerman, Persian Iraq, Azerbaijan and Arran, and he had an enormous army. If he had behaved decently and justly, if he had not shed no blood, he could have fought the Mongols properly and his army could have been a buffer between us and the Mongols. However, he led a vicious life, sinned, made injustices, was at loggerheads with his neighbours, behaved treacherously and caused displeasure. That led to his death and to the ruin of his army. Next came the Mongolian invasion and the Mongol’s triumph over the countries of Islam. If Allah wishes something, He brings about its causes”. - Ibn Wasil."

""A father should only have such a son. Whether he escaped from the fiery battlefield and came to the brink of salvation from the whirlwind of destruction, great deeds and great revolts will still come from him!" - Genghis Khan on Jalal al-Din Mangburni, at the end of the Battle of the Indus."

"The Sultãn then went towards Dewal and Darbela and Jaisî… The Sultãn raised a Jãmi‘ Masjid at Dewal, on the spot where an idol temple stood."

""He was a lion among lions and the most fearless among his valiant horsemen." Jalal al-Din Mangburni's secretary Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi."

"“…Julal-ood-Deen now occupied Tutta, destroyed all the temples, and built mosques in their stead; and on one occasion detached a force to Nehrwala (Puttun), on the border of Guzerat…”"

""...the Sultan Jalaldin - valorous and brave, courageous and fearless like some immaterial being, superb, strong and an excellent fighter ..." 13th century Georgian Royal Annals."

"Sultan Jalal ud-Din, Mangburni, was the eldest son of Sultan Muhammad, and was endowed with great heroism, valour and high talents and accomplishments."