California Gold Rush

"Citation: The global craze caused by California's gold is pyramidal, almost supernatural. It is still very much alive today. It is the most important and astonishing voluntary population movement since the Crusades. [...] Nowhere else did the discovery of precious metals trigger such an extraordinary and universal rush."

"Citation: Know that, on the right hand of the Indies very close to the earthly paradise, there is an island called California, made up of the largest rocks ever seen. This island was inhabited by robust black women with warm hearts, gifted with great strength, who lived almost like Amazons without a single man among them [...] Their weapons were entirely of gold. The island everywhere abounded in gold and precious stones, and no other metal was found there [...]."

"The fabulous story of the gold rush [California - 19th century]"

"^A New Jersey native, Marshall came to California in C.E.1844, worked for John Sutter, and began farming. In C.E.1846, he fought against Mokelumne Indians and participated in the Bear Flag Revolt (an attempt to claim California as an independent republic). He then joined John C. Frémont's California Battalion, followed by further military service. When he returned to Sutter's Fort, most of his livestock had vanished."

"^The gold hunter is loaded down with every conceivable appliance, much of which would be useless in California. The prospector says (in a caption on some versions): "I am sorry I did not follow the advice of Granny and go around the Horn, through the Straights, or by Chagres [Panama].""

"Burchell, Robert A. (Summer C.E.1974). "The Loss of a Reputation; or, The Image of California in Britain before C.E.1875". California Historical Quarterly. 53 (3): 115–130. doi:10.2307/25157500. ISSN 0097-6059. JSTOR 25157500."

"Durham, Walter T. (C.E.1997). Volunteer Forty-Niners: Tennesseans and the California Gold Rush. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0585170930. OCLC 44959444."

"Eifler, Mark A. (C.E.2002). Gold Rush Capitalists: Greed and Growth in Sacramento. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0826328229."

"Hart, Eugene (C.E.2003). A Guide to the California Gold Rush. Merced: Freewheel Publications. ISBN 978-0963419729."

"Helper, Hinton Rowan (C.E.1855). The Land of Gold: Reality Versus Fiction. Baltimore: H. Taylor."

"Holliday, J. S.; Swain, William (C.E.2002) [C.E.1981]. The World Rushed in: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806134642."

"Hurtado, Albert L. (C.E.2006). John Sutter: A Life on the North American Frontier. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806137728."

"Knorr, Lawrence (C.E.2008). A Pennsylvania Mennonite and the California Gold Rush. Camp Hill: Sunbury Press. ISBN 978-0976092582."

"Ngai, Mae. The Chinese Question: The Gold Rushes and Global Politics (C.E.2021), Mid 19c in California, Australia and South Africa"

"Owens, Kenneth N., ed. (C.E.2002). Riches for All: The California Gold Rush and the World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803286177."

"Roberts, Brian (C.E.2000). American Alchemy: The California Gold Rush and Middle-class Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807848562."

"Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (C.E.1998). Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520216594. online edition Archived December 23, C.E.2019, at the Wayback Machine"

"Watson, Matthew A. (C.E.2005). "The Argonauts of '49: Class, Gender, and Partnership in Bret Harte's West". Western American Literature. 40 (1): 33–53. ISSN 0043-3462."

"Witschi, N. S. (C.E.2004). "Bret Harte." Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford University Press. 154–157."

"Witschi, N.S. (C.E.2002). Traces of Gold: California's Natural Resources and the Claim to Realism in Western American Literature. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0817311179."

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