B. K. Thapar

"The archaeological and the anthropological evidences, represented by the various culture- groups of the second millennium B.C., are inconsistent with the philological evidence. Even the archaeological and anthropological evidences have been found to vary from region to region—Anatolia, northern Iraq, northern Iran, Soviet Central Russia, Swat valley and Gandhara region or Pakistan and Ganga-Yamuna doab. . . . It is obvious, therefore, that there was no single culture associated with the Aryans in all these regions. . . . Are we to assume that the Aryans were migrants with no defined culture but with adherence to a linguistic equipment?"

"As far as Thapar and Rahman (1996) are concerned, there is nothing "to show that the Indo-Aryan peoples possessed a specific material culture, special pottery, or particular figurines that would enable us to establish some kind of identification marks for their migration" (1996, 277)."