Theodor Herzl

"Herzl never said "In Bazel I established the Jewish state" — he wrote it in his diary... He believed in women's rights, in equality and religious tolerance... that being "the chosen people" is a moral responsibility and not a right... and this is one case where one can say with no hesitation that the leader had made the history. If not for Binyamin Ze'ev Herzl we wouldn't be standing here today..."

"It would be an excellent idea to call in respectable, accredited anti-Semites as liquidators of property. To the people they would vouch for the fact that we do not wish to bring about the impoverishment of the countries that we leave. At first they must not be given large fees for this; otherwise we shall spoil our instruments and make them despicable as “stooges of the Jews.” Later their fees will increase, and in the end we shall have only Gentile officials in the countries from which we have emigrated. The anti-Semites will become our most dependable friends, the anti-Semitic countries our allies. We want to emigrate as respected people."

"Were I to sum up the Basel Congress in a word — which I shall guard against pronouncing publicly — it would be this: At Basel, I founded the Jewish State. If I said this out loud today, I would be answered by universal laughter. Perhaps in five years, certainly in fifty, everyone will know it."

"If you will, it is no legend..."

"Let me tell you that my friend and I do not discriminate between humans. We do not ask what race or what religion he is from. He has to be a human being. That is all that's important for us."

"... but if you will, it may very well be only a legend dreamed up by myself, and will always be so. I had in mind to write a story with a point. There will be those who say, more story than point. After three years we must part, my beloved book. Now you go on your trail of tears. You will have to go through a maze of antagonism and misunderstanding, like through a dark forest. But if you are lucky and meet good people, please send them your father's blessings. He believes that dreams too can be a way to fill the days that man must spend on the face of the earth. The dream is not that far from action as most tend to think. All people's actions were once a dream and all peoples actions will someday be a dream."

"I believe that I understand Anti-Semitism, which is really a highly complex movement. I consider it from a Jewish standpoint, yet without fear or hatred. I believe that I can see what elements there are in it of vulgar sport, of common trade jealousy, of inherited prejudice, of religious intolerance, and also of pretended self-defence. I think the Jewish question is no more a social than a religious one, notwithstanding that it sometimes takes these and other forms. It is a national question, which can only be solved by making it a political world-question to be discussed and settled by the civilized nations of the world in council. We are a people — one people. We have honestly endeavored everywhere to merge ourselves in the social life of surrounding communities and to preserve the faith of our fathers. We are not permitted to do so. In vain are we loyal patriots, our loyalty in some places running to extremes; in vain do we make the same sacrifices of life and property as our fellow-citizens; in vain do we strive to increase the fame of our native land in science and art, or her wealth by trade and commerce. In countries where we have lived for centuries we are still cried down as strangers, and often by those whose ancestors were not yet domiciled in the land where Jews had already had experience of suffering. The majority may decide which are the strangers; for this, as indeed every point which arises in the relations between nations, is a question of might. I do not here surrender any portion of our prescriptive right, when I make this statement merely in my own name as an individual. In the world as it now is and for an indefinite period will probably remain, might precedes right. It is useless, therefore, for us to be loyal patriots, as were the Huguenots who were forced to emigrate. If we could only be left in peace.... But I think we shall not be left in peace."

"Oppression and persecution cannot exterminate us. No nation on earth has survived such struggles and sufferings as we have gone through. Jew-baiting has merely stripped off our weaklings; the strong among us were invariably true to their race when persecution broke out against them. This attitude was most clearly apparent in the period immediately following the emancipation of the Jews. Those Jews who were advanced intellectually and materially entirely lost the feeling of belonging to their race. Wherever our political well-being has lasted for any length of time, we have assimilated with our surroundings. I think this is not discreditable. Hence, the statesman who would wish to see a Jewish strain in his nation would have to provide for the duration of our political well-being; and even a Bismarck could not do that."

"Our idea offends no one's rights or religious feelings; it breathes long-desired reconciliation. We understand and respect the devotion of all faiths to the soil on which, after all, the faith of our fathers, too, arose."

"Anti-Semitism increases day by day and hour by hour among the nations; indeed, it is bound to increase, because the causes of its growth continue to exist and cannot be removed. Its remote cause is our loss of the power of assimilation during the Middle Ages; its immediate cause is our excessive production of mediocre intellects, who cannot find an outlet downwards or upwards — that is to say, no wholesome outlet in either direction. When we sink, we become a revolutionary proletariat, the subordinate officers of all revolutionary parties; and at the same time, when we rise, there rises also our terrible power of the purse."

"Palestine is our ever-memorable historic home. The very name of Palestine would attract our people with a force of marvellous potency. If His Majesty the Sultan were to give us Palestine, we could in return undertake to regulate the whole finances of Turkey. We should there form a portion of a rampart of Europe against Asia, an outpost of civilization as opposed to barbarism."

"A scheme such as mine is gravely imperilled if it is opposed by "practical" people. Now "practical" people are as a rule nothing more than men sunk into the groove of daily routine, unable to emerge from a narrow circle of antiquated ideas. At the same time, their adverse opinion carries great weight, and can do considerable harm to a new project, at any rate until this new thing is sufficiently strong to throw the "practical" people and their mouldy notions to the winds."

"I have tried to meet certain objections; but I know that many more will be made, based on high grounds and low. To the first class of objections belongs the remark that the Jews are not the only people in the world who are in a condition of distress. Here I would reply that we may as well begin by removing a little of this misery, even if it should at first be no more than our own. It might further be said that we ought not to create new distinctions between people; we ought not to raise fresh barriers, we should rather make the old disappear. But men who think in this way are amiable visionaries; and the idea of a native land will still flourish when the dust of their bones will have vanished tracelessly in the winds. Universal brotherhood is not even a beautiful dream. Antagonism is essential to man's greatest efforts."

"Prayers will be offered up for the success of our work in temples and in churches also; for it will bring relief from an old burden, which all have suffered. But we must first bring enlightenment to men's minds. The idea must make its way into the most distant, miserable holes where our people dwell. They will awaken from gloomy brooding, for into their lives will come a new significance. Every man need think only of himself, and the movement will assume vast proportions. And what glory awaits those who fight unselfishly for the cause! Therefore I believe that a wondrous generation of Jews will spring into existence. The Maccabeans will rise again. Let me repeat once more my opening words: The Jews who wish for a State will have it. We shall live at last as free men on our own soil, and die peacefully in our own homes. The world will be freed by our liberty, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness. And whatever we attempt there to accomplish for our own welfare, will react powerfully and beneficially for the good of humanity."

"Speaking of concentration, Dr. Herzl has a clear insight into the value of that. Have you heard of his plan? He wishes to gather the Jews of the world together in Palestine, with a government of their own — under the suzerainty of the Sultan, I suppose. At the Convention of Berne, last year, there were delegates from everywhere, and the proposal was received with decided favor. I am not the Sultan, and I am not objecting; but if that concentration of the cunningest brains in the world were going to be made in a free country (bar Scotland), I think it would be politic to stop it. It will not be well to let the race find out its strength. If the horses knew theirs, we should not ride any more."

"...In the year 5657 (1897), at the summons of the spiritual father of the Jewish State, Theodore Herzl, the First Zionist Congress convened and proclaimed the right of the Jewish people to national rebirth in its own country..."

"I have often wondered how different Zionism might have been if Herzl had not been a Viennese journalist but a shopkeeper in a Damascus bazaar. Would Zionism have realized that Palestine was a part of a big area inhabited by Arabs? Might some solution have been found at the very beginning to the problem of co-existence with the people who considered Palestine their own homeland ? But these are, of course idle thoughts. Herzl could not have been anything but a European Jew, because his whole idea was a response to a specific challenge posed by European conditions."

"Herzl regarded Zionism's triumph as inevitable, not only because life in Europe was ever more untenable for Jews, but also because it was in Europe's interests to rid the Jews and relieved of anti-Semitism: The European political establishment would eventually be persuaded to promote Zionism. Herzl recognized that anti-Semitism would be harnessed to his own Zionist purposes."

"Herzl had failed to have his son Hans circumcised, and the Zionist leadership, following Herzl’s death, saw to it that the oversight be remedied when the boy was 15 years old."

"Nothing better reflects the new character of this secularism than the two theoreticians of Zionism and Bundist socialism, Theodore Herzl and Vladimir Medem. Both came from assimilated backgrounds...and neither was fluent in the languages which their movements promoted. Yet both came to advocate Jewish autonomy and a radical concept of Jewish secularism which diverged completely from the eighteenth century maskilim's vision and intent: the possibility of being a committed, unassimilated Jew without being observant. And this concept had great power."

"Zum Bleiben wie zum Wandern muß die Rasse zunächst an Ort und Stelle verbessert werden. Man muß sie kriegsstark, arbeitsfroh und tugendhaft machen."

"Ziehen wir in eine Gegend, wo es für die Juden ungewöhnliche wilde Tiere gibt — große Schlangen usw. — so benütze ich die Eingeborenen, bevor ich sie in den Durchzugsländern beschäftige, dazu, diese Tiere auszurotten. Hohe Prämien für Schlangenhäute usw. und für die Brut."

"Wien, 16. April 1896. Hier unterbrach ich damals die zusammenhängende Darstellung, denn es folgten mehrere Wochen einer beispiellosen Produktion, in denen ich die Einfälle nicht mehr ruhig ins Reine schreiben konnte. Ich schrieb gehend, stehend, liegend, auf der Gasse, bei Tisch, bei Nacht, wenn es mich aus dem Schlaf aufjagte."

"Bei Arabern und Kurden sind wir beliebt. Streitende Araber gehen zuweilen statt zum türkischen Richter zu einem Juden, der richten soll."

"Von unserem Nationalplan spricht ganz Palästina. Wir sind ja doch die angestammten Herren des Landes."

"Tatsächlich ist der Antisemitismus die Folge der Judenemanzipation, Bevölkerungen, denen das historische Verständnis mangelt — also alle —, sehen uns aber nicht als geschichtliches Produkt an, nicht als die Opfer früherer, grausamer und noch beschränkterer Zeiten. Die wissen nicht, daß wir so sind, weil man uns unter Qualen so gemacht hat, weil die Kirche das Wuchergewerbe für Christen unehrlich machte und wir durch die Herrscher in Geldgeschäfte gedrängt wurden. Wir kleben am Geld, weil man uns aufs Geld geworfen hat."

"Selbstverständlich werden wir Andersgläubige achtungsvoll dulden, ihr Eigentum, ihre Ehre und Freiheit mit den härtesten Zwangsmitteln schützen."

""Mit dem Verleger Breitenstein abgeschlossen. Er war begeistert, als ich ihm einige Stellen aus der nach langer Mühe endlich fertigen Schrift vorlas. Den Titel habe ich geändert. „Der Judenstaat". Jetzt fühle ich die Erleichterung nach getaner Arbeit. Einen Erfolg erwarte ich nicht."

""Ich glaube, es muß jetzt schon von allen Seiten klar sein: Der Judenstaat ist ein Weltbedürfnis! Und darum wird er entstehen"

"Ich glaube, der Judenstaat ist ein Weltbedürfnis, und darum wird er entstehen."

"Ich begreife den Antisemitismus. Wir Juden haben uns, wenn auch nicht durch unsere Schuld, als Fremdkörper inmitten verschiedener Nationen erhalten. Wir haben im Ghetto eine Anzahl gesellschaftswidriger Eigenschaften angenommen. Unser Charakter ist durch den Druck verdorben, und das muß durch einen anderen Druck wieder hergestellt werden."

"Erzogen wird man nur durch Härten. Es wird die Darwinsche Mimikry eintreten. Die Juden werden sich anpassen. Sie sind wie Seehunde, die der Weltzufall ins Wasser warf. Sie nehmen Gestalt und Eigenschaften von Fischen an, was sie doch nicht sind. Kommen sie nun wieder auf festes Land und dürfen da ein paar Generationen bleiben, so werden sie wieder aus ihren Flossen Füße machen."

"Die arme Bevölkerung trachten wir unbemerkt über die Grenze zu schaffen, indem wir ihr in den Durchzugsländern Arbeit verschaffen, aber in unserm eigenen Lande jegliche Arbeit verweigern. // Die besitzende Bevölkerung wird zu uns übergehen. Das Expropriationswerk muß ebenso wie die Fortschaffung der Armen mit Zartheit und Behutsamkeit erfolgen."

"Der Antisemitismus, der in der großen Menge etwas Starkes und Unbewußtes ist, wird aber den Juden nicht schaden. Ich halte ihn für eine dem Judencharakter nützliche Bewegung. Er ist die Erziehung einer Gruppe durch die Massen und wird vielleicht zu ihrer Aufsaugung führen."

"Den jetzigen Antisemitismus kann man nur an vereinzelten Orten für die alte religiöse Intoleranz halten. Zumeist ist er bei den Kulturvölkern eine Bewegung, mit der sie ein Gespenst ihrer eigenen Vergangenheit abwehren möchten."

"Wenn ihr wollt, ist es kein Märchen"

"Zu den hohen Einwendungen gehört es, dass in der Welt die Nothlage der Juden nicht die einzige ist. — Ich meine aber, dass wir immerhin anfangen sollen, ein wenig Elend hinwegzuräumen; wäre es auch vorläufig nur unser eigenes."

"Wir sind ein Volk, Ein Volk."

"Ich glaube an das Aufsteigen der Menschen zu immer höheren Graden der Gesittung, nur halte ich es für ein verzweifelt langsames."