"A.D. Hall's (1962) classic account of the methodology was based on his experience with the Bell Telephone Laboratorie…"

"In the modern systems approach, the concept "system" is used not to refer to things in the world but to a particular …"

"We consider the notion of "system" as an organising concept, before going on to look in detail at various systemic me…"

"Different methodologies express different rationalities stemming from alternative theoretical positions which they re…"

"The classification of a system as complex or simple will depend upon the observer of the system and upon the purpose …"

"The problem solver needs to stand back and examine problem contexts in the light of different “Ws” (weltanschauungen)…"

"Operational research OR is regarded by many as being in crisis. If OR is taken to be ‘classical OR’, this is indisput…"

"The traditional, scientific method for studying such systems is known as reductionism. Reductionism sees the parts as…"

"There exists an alternative to reductionism for studying systems. This alternative is known as holism. Holism conside…"

"The classical Greek philosophers, Aristotle and Plato, established some important systems ideas. Aristotle reasoned t…"