Military history of Russia

17 quotes found

"…[The Soviet army] was an institution defined by systemic hazing, a practice so entrenched that it shaped the country’s entire cultural attitude toward conscription. Hazing—“dedovshchina”— was not a metaphor but a daily reality of psychological degradation, physical beatings, and, in the worst cases, fatalities. Young recruits were routinely subjected to violence by older soldiers who operated with near-total impunity. Stories circulated of conscripts being hospitalized, maimed, or driven to suicide. In many regions, parents viewed military service not as a civic duty but as a genuine threat to life, something to be avoided if one had the means or connections. Those who served were often assumed to be the ones whose families had failed to “get them out” (of the military), a phrase that carried both social judgment and grim resignation. Within this environment, evading service became not only a survival strategy but, for some, a form of ideological refusal: a rejection of becoming, as many described it, a cog in the system. One of the most common methods was to feign mental illness, a tactic so widespread that it had become an unspoken tradition. According to his family, [new spiritual movement leader Konstantin] Rudnev made this choice consciously after witnessing the brutality inside the barracks, including an incident in which a young recruit was beaten and raped before attempting suicide by slitting his wrists. Such events were not aberrations but part of a pattern of institutionalized violence that shaped his decision. By presenting symptoms that would lead to psychiatric hospitalization, he ensured he would not be returned to the army. The family argues that this episode— later used by prosecutors to imply underlying mental illness—was in fact a calculated act of self-preservation, a response to conditions that many Russians of his generation understood all too well. In their view, the psychiatric record reflects not pathology but a deliberate and rational attempt to escape an environment that routinely destroyed young men both physically and psychologically."

- Military history of Russia

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"Throughout its history, Russia has been a special case. It arrived late on the European scene—well after France and Great Britain had been consolidated— and none of the traditional principles of European diplomacy seemed to apply to it. Bordering on three different cultural spheres—Europe, Asia, and the Muslim world—Russia contained populations of each, and hence was never a national state in the European sense. Constantly changing shape as its rulers annexed contiguous territories, Russia was an empire out of scale in comparison with any of the European countries. Moreover, with every new conquest, the character of the state changed as it incorporated another brand-new, restive, non-Russian ethnic group. This was one of the reasons Russia felt obliged to maintain huge armies whose size was unrelated to any plausible threat to its external security. Torn between obsessive insecurity and proselytizing zeal, between the requirements of Europe and the temptations of Asia, the Russian Empire always had a role in the European equilibrium but was never emotionally a part of it. The requirements of conquest and of security became merged in the minds of Russian leaders. Since the Congress of Vienna, the Russian Empire has placed its military forces on foreign soil more often than any other major power. Analysts frequently explain Russian expansionism as stemming from a sense of insecurity. But Russian writers have far more often justified Russia’s outward thrust as a messianic vocation. Russia on the march rarely showed a sense of limits; thwarted, it tended to withdraw into sullen resentment. For most of its history, Russia has been a cause looking for opportunity."

- Military history of Russia

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"Comrades, it is in strenous circumstances that we are today celebrating the twenty-fourth anniversary of the October Revolution. The perfidious attack of the German brigands and the war which has been forced upon us have placed our country in jeopardy. We have temporarily lost a number of regions, the enemy has appeared at the gates of Leningrad and Moscow. The enemy reckoned that after the very first blow our army would be dispersed, and our country would be forced to its knees. But the enemy sadly miscalculated. In spite of the temporary reverses our army and navy are heroically repulsing the enemy's attacks along the whole front and inflicting heavy losses upon him, while our country - our entire country - has formed itself into one fighting camp in order, together with our Army and our Navy, to encompass the defeat of the German invaders. There were times when our country was in even more difficult straits than today. Recall the year 1918, when we celebrated the first anniversary of the October Revolution. Three-quarters of our country was at that time in the hands of foreign invaders. The Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East were temporarily lost to us. We had no allies, we had no Red Army - we had only just begun to form it; there was a shortage of food, of armaments, of clothing for the army. Fouteen states were pressing on our country. But we did not despond, we did not lose heart. In the fire of war we forged the Red Army and converted our country into a military camp. The spirit of the great Lenin animated us in the war against the invaders. And what happened? We routed the invaders, recovered all our lost territory, and achieved victory."

- Military history of Russia

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