Matera is an Italian city in the Basilicata region. Known for its ancient cave-dwellings called Sassi (Stones), it was probably founded by the Romans in the 3rd century BC. During the Aragonese domain, the population rebelled against the crown and killed the count Giovanni Carlo Tramontano. From 1663 to 1806, it was the capital of Basilicata, until Joseph Bonaparte reassigned it to Potenza. In 1943, Matera was the first Italian city to react against the Nazi-fascism domination.
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