James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English Army officer and courtier. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter. After his father's death, he led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II and VII. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.