Dignity

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"At the international law level, numerous instruments employ the notion of dignity, often according it cardinal status.The concept of dignity gained considerable currency, apparently, as a result of the egregious and widespread abuses that occurred during the Second World War. “The idea of human dignity was decisively strengthened by developments after the Second World War. After the terrible crimes and contempt towards mankind by the Naxis, there was a sudden surge for stronger protection of human dignity”. The preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, drafted shortly after the War, states: Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. In this regard it has been noted that “it is the concept and term of 'the Inherent Dignity' that carries the whole burden of being the fountainhead fron which the equal rights of man follows which leads us back to the diestic or theistic worldview”. The concept is invoked in several other articles of the document Article 1 provides “All human being are born fee and equal in “dignity” and rights” (emphasis added). Article 22 states: Everyone , as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organizationa dn resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultueral rights indispensable for his “dignity” and the free development of his personality [emphasis added[. Article 23(3) provides: Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself andhis familyan existence worthy of “human dignity”, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection [emphasis added]."

- Dignity

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"There are also numerous State constitutions which employ the notion of human dignity. For example, s 1 of the Finnish Constitution provides: “Finland is a sovereign Republic, the constitution of which shall guarantee the inbiolabilit of human dignity”. The Constitution of South Africa states that the State is founded on 'Human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights”. Article 1 of the 1949 German Constitution or Basic Law provides that “the dignity of an shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority.” Article 1 of the Brazilian Constitution specifies that Brazil is “a Democratic State and is founded [“inter alia”] on … the dignity of the individual”. Article 20 of the Angolan Constitution specifies that the “State shall respect and protect the human person and uman dignity”. Article 23 of the Belgian Constitution links the right of everyone to “lead a life in conformity with human dignity” to economic, social and cultural rights. Article 6 of the Bulgarian Constitution provides: “All persons are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. Article 1 of the Peruvian Constitution of 1993 reads: “The protection of the “human person” and respect for his”dignity” are the supreme goal of society and the State”. And the Hungarian Constitutional Court has described the right to dignity and the right to life as the source and essential content of all other rights."

- Dignity

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